THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION
PHYSICS 1
FORM FOUR — THEORY
CODE: 032/1
TIME: 3 HOURS YEAR:2026
INSTRUCTIONS
1. This paper consists of Sections A, B and C with a total of 11 questions.
2. Answer ALL questions in Sections A and B.
3. Answer TWO questions from Section C.
4. Show all necessary working in calculation questions.
5. Use SI units wherever applicable.
6. Take acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s² unless otherwise stated.
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
16 MARKS
1. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives A, B, C and D.
(i) Which of the following is a vector quantity?
A. Mass
B. Time
C. Speed
D. Velocity
(ii) A car travels 120 m in 10 seconds. Its average speed is:
A. 10 m/s
B. 12 m/s
C. 120 m/s
D. 1.2 m/s
(iii) Which instrument is used to measure electric current?
A. Voltmeter
B. Ammeter
C. Galvanometer
D. Ohmmeter
(iv) The SI unit of resistance is:
A. Volt
B. Ampere
C. Ohm
D. Watt
(v) Which type of lens is used as a magnifying glass?
A. Concave lens
B. Convex lens
C. Cylindrical lens
D. Plane lens
(vi) Which form of energy is stored in a stretched spring?
A. Kinetic energy
B. Chemical energy
C. Elastic potential energy
D. Nuclear energy
(vii) The pressure exerted by a liquid increases with:
A. Decrease in depth
B. Increase in depth
C. Decrease in density
D. Decrease in gravity
(viii) Which device converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?
A. Generator
B. Transformer
C. Electric motor
D. Cell
(ix) Sound cannot travel through:
A. Solids
B. Liquids
C. Gases
D. Vacuum
(x) Which electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?
A. Radio waves
B. Infrared
C. Visible light
D. Gamma rays
2. Match the items in List A with the correct responses in List B.
LIST A
(i) Ammeter
(ii) Voltmeter
(iii) Thermometer
(iv) Barometer
(v) Hydrometer
(vi) Stopwatch
LIST B
A. Measures atmospheric pressure
B. Measures temperature
C. Measures time
D. Measures potential difference
E. Measures electric current
F. Measures relative density of liquids
G. Measures resistance
H. Measures mass
SECTION B
54 MARKS
3. (a) Define the following:
(i) distance
(ii) displacement
(iii) velocity
(b) State two differences between distance and displacement.
(c) A cyclist travels 600 m in 40 s. Calculate the average speed.
(d) A car increases its velocity from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 5 s. Calculate its acceleration.
4. (a) State Newton's first law of motion.
(b) A force of 20 N acts on a body of mass 5 kg. Calculate its acceleration.
(c) State two effects of a force.
(d) Explain why passengers in a moving bus tend to move forward when the driver suddenly applies brakes.
5. (a) Define density.
(b) A metal block has a mass of 540 g and a volume of 200 cm³. Calculate its density in:
(i) g/cm³
(ii) kg/m³
(c) State two applications of density in everyday life.
(d) Explain why a ship made of steel can float on water.
6. (a) Define pressure.
(b) A force of 600 N acts on an area of 0.2 m². Calculate the pressure produced.
(c) State two factors affecting liquid pressure.
(d) Explain why the walls of a dam are made thicker at the bottom than at the top.
7. (a) State Ohm's law.
(b) A resistor has a resistance of 6 Ω and is connected to a 12 V battery. Calculate the current flowing through it.
(c) Three resistors of 2 Ω, 3 Ω and 5 Ω are connected in series. Calculate their total resistance.
(d) State two safety precautions when using electrical appliances.
8. (a) Define:
(i) reflection
(ii) refraction
(b) State two laws of reflection.
(c) Explain why a pencil partly immersed in water appears bent.
(d) State two uses of convex lenses.
(e) State one difference between a real image and a virtual image.
SECTION C
30 MARKS
Answer TWO questions only.
9. (a) Define work.
(b) A force of 50 N moves an object through a distance of 8 m in the direction of the force. Calculate the work done.
(c) Define power.
(d) A machine does 6000 J of work in 20 seconds. Calculate its power.
(e) State the law of conservation of energy.
(f) Give three forms of energy.
10. (a) Define electromagnetic induction.
(b) Describe how an electric generator produces electricity.
(c) State three factors that affect the magnitude of induced electromotive force.
(d) State two differences between an electric motor and a generator.
(e) Give two applications of electromagnetic induction.
11. (a) Define radioactivity.
(b) Name the three common types of nuclear radiation.
(c) State two properties of each type of radiation.
(d) State two uses of radioactivity.
(e) State two dangers associated with exposure to excessive ionising radiation.
(f) Explain why lead is commonly used as a shielding material against ionising radiation.
PHYSICS 032/1
FORM FOUR THEORY
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
16 MARKS
1. Multiple Choice — 10 marks
(i) D — Velocity
(ii) B — 12 m/s
(iii) B — Ammeter
(iv) C — Ohm
(v) B — Convex lens
(vi) C — Elastic potential energy
(vii) B — Increase in depth
(viii) C — Electric motor
(ix) D — Vacuum
(x) D — Gamma rays
2. Matching Items — 6 marks
(i) E — Measures electric current
(ii) D — Measures potential difference
(iii) B — Measures temperature
(iv) A — Measures atmospheric pressure
(v) F — Measures relative density of liquids
(vi) C — Measures time
SECTION B
54 MARKS
3. — 9 MARKS
(a)
(i) Distance:
The total length of the path travelled by an object. — 1 mark
(ii) Displacement:
The shortest distance from the initial position to the final position of an object in a specified direction. — 1 mark
(iii) Velocity:
The rate of change of displacement with time. — 1 mark
(b)
(i) Distance is a scalar quantity, whereas displacement is a vector quantity. — 1 mark
(ii) Distance depends on the actual path travelled, whereas displacement depends only on initial and final positions. — 1 mark
(c)
Speed = Distance/Time
= 600/40
= 15 m/s
Answer = 15 m/s — 1 mark
(d)
Acceleration = (v − u)/t
= (30 − 10)/5
= 4 m/s²
Answer = 4 m/s² — 2 marks
Total = 9 marks
4. — 9 MARKS
(a)
Newton's first law states that a body remains at rest or continues moving with uniform velocity in a straight line unless acted upon by an external resultant force. — 2 marks
(b)
F = ma
20 = 5a
a = 20/5
a = 4 m/s²
Answer = 4 m/s² — 2 marks
(c) Any two:
(i) Change the speed of an object.
(ii) Change the direction of motion.
(iii) Change the shape of an object.
(iv) Start or stop motion.
2 × 1 = 2 marks
(d)
Passengers move forward because of inertia. Their bodies tend to continue moving with the original velocity when the bus suddenly stops. — 3 marks
Total = 9 marks
5. — 9 MARKS
(a)
Density is mass per unit volume of a substance. — 1 mark
(b)
Density = Mass/Volume
(i)
= 540/200
= 2.7 g/cm³
Answer = 2.7 g/cm³ — 2 marks
(ii)
1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³
2.7 g/cm³ = 2700 kg/m³
Answer = 2700 kg/m³ — 1 mark
(c) Any two:
(i) Determining whether an object will float or sink.
(ii) Designing ships and boats.
(iii) Identifying substances.
(iv) Measuring the purity of liquids.
2 × 1 = 2 marks
(d)
Although steel is dense, a ship contains a large volume of air, making its average density less than that of water. The upward buoyant force can therefore support the ship. — 3 marks
Total = 9 marks
6. — 9 MARKS
(a)
Pressure is force acting normally per unit area.
P = F/A — 1 mark
(b)
P = F/A
= 600/0.2
= 3000 Pa
Answer = 3000 Pa — 2 marks
(c) Any two:
(i) Depth of liquid.
(ii) Density of liquid.
(iii) Acceleration due to gravity.
2 × 1 = 2 marks
(d)
Liquid pressure increases with depth. Therefore, the bottom of the dam experiences greater pressure than the top, so it is made thicker to withstand the greater force. — 4 marks
Total = 9 marks
7. — 9 MARKS
(a)
Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided temperature and other physical conditions remain constant. — 2 marks
(b)
V = IR
12 = I × 6
I = 12/6
I = 2 A
Answer = 2 A — 2 marks
(c)
For series connection:
R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
= 2 + 3 + 5
= 10 Ω
Answer = 10 Ω — 2 marks
(d) Any two:
(i) Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hands.
(ii) Use correctly rated fuses/circuit breakers.
(iii) Replace damaged wires.
(iv) Switch off appliances when not in use.
(v) Ensure proper earthing.
2 × 1 = 2 marks
Total = 8 marks
NOTE: Question 7 as written carries 8 marks. For an exact 54-mark Section B, the examiner may award 1 additional mark for a correct statement/application of Ohm's law or one additional valid electrical safety point.
8. — 9 MARKS
(a)
(i) Reflection:
The bouncing back of light into the same medium after striking a surface. — 1 mark
(ii) Refraction:
The change in direction of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another due to a change in speed. — 1 mark
(b)
(i) The incident ray, reflected ray and normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane. — 1 mark
(ii) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. — 1 mark
(c)
Light travels at different speeds in water and air. When the light from the submerged part of the pencil passes from water to air, it is refracted, making the pencil appear displaced or bent. — 2 marks
(d) Any two:
(i) Magnifying glasses.
(ii) Cameras.
(iii) Microscopes.
(iv) Projectors.
(v) Spectacles for correcting hypermetropia.
2 × 1 = 2 marks
(e)
A real image can be formed on a screen, whereas a virtual image cannot be formed on a screen. — 1 mark
Total = 9 marks
SECTION C
30 MARKS
Answer TWO questions.
Each question = 15 marks.
9. — 15 MARKS
(a)
Work is done when a force causes displacement in the direction of the force.
W = Fs — 2 marks
(b)
W = Fs
= 50 × 8
= 400 J
Answer = 400 J — 2 marks
(c)
Power is the rate of doing work or transferring energy.
P = W/t — 2 marks
(d)
P = 6000/20
= 300 W
Answer = 300 W — 2 marks
(e)
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. — 3 marks
(f) Any three:
(i) Kinetic energy
(ii) Potential energy
(iii) Chemical energy
(iv) Electrical energy
(v) Heat/thermal energy
(vi) Light energy
(vii) Sound energy
3 × 1 = 3 marks
Total = 14 marks
Award 1 additional mark for a correct unit/formula application in (b) or (d) where appropriate.
10. — 15 MARKS
(a)
Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force/current in a conductor when the magnetic flux linking the conductor changes. — 2 marks
(b)
An electric generator works by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. The changing magnetic flux through the coil induces an electromotive force and hence current in an external circuit. — 4 marks
(c) Any three:
(i) Strength of magnetic field.
(ii) Speed of rotation/motion.
(iii) Number of turns in the coil.
(iv) Area of the coil.
(v) Rate of change of magnetic flux.
3 × 1 = 3 marks
(d) Two differences:
(i) A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, while a generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. — 1 mark
(ii) A motor uses electrical input, while a generator uses mechanical input. — 1 mark
(e) Any two:
(i) Electricity generation in power stations.
(ii) Transformers.
(iii) Induction cookers.
(iv) Bicycle dynamos.
(v) Wireless charging systems.
2 × 1 = 2 marks
Total = 13 marks
Award up to 2 additional marks for a well-described generator setup, correct labelled diagram, or additional scientifically correct explanation.
11. — 15 MARKS
(a)
Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei accompanied by emission of radiation. — 2 marks
(b)
(i) Alpha radiation
(ii) Beta radiation
(iii) Gamma radiation
3 × 1 = 3 marks
(c)
Alpha:
(i) Positively charged.
(ii) Low penetrating power/high ionising power.
Beta:
(i) Negatively charged for beta-minus radiation.
(ii) Greater penetrating power than alpha.
Gamma:
(i) No charge.
(ii) Very high penetrating power.
Any two correct properties for each type = 6 marks
(d) Any two uses:
(i) Medical treatment of cancer.
(ii) Medical diagnosis/tracers.
(iii) Sterilisation of medical equipment.
(iv) Industrial thickness measurement.
(v) Radiocarbon dating.
2 × 1 = 2 marks
(e) Any two:
(i) Damage to body cells.
(ii) Cancer.
(iii) Genetic mutations.
(iv) Radiation sickness.
(v) Damage to reproductive cells.
2 × 1 = 2 marks
(f)
Lead is very dense and has a high atomic number, so it absorbs/attenuates ionising radiation effectively and provides good shielding. — 2 marks
Total = 17 marks
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