THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHY
FORM FOUR
CODE 013
TIME: 3 HOUR YEAR: 2026
INSTRUCTIONS
1. This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C.
2. The paper consists of eleven (11) questions.
3. Answer all questions in Sections A and B, and answer two (2) questions from Section C.
4. All questions carry marks as indicated.
5. Draw neat and well-labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
6. Use a calculator where necessary.
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Answer all questions in this section.
1. Choose the correct answer for each of the following items.
(i) The imaginary line which divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is called:
A. Prime Meridian
B. Equator
C. Tropic of Cancer
D. Arctic Circle
(ii) Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
A. Thermometer
B. Rain gauge
C. Barometer
D. Hygrometer
(iii) The process whereby rocks are broken down into smaller particles without being transported is called:
A. Erosion
B. Weathering
C. Deposition
D. Transportation
(iv) Which one of the following is an example of renewable natural resources?
A. Coal
B. Natural gas
C. Petroleum
D. Forests
(v) The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas is known as:
A. Immigration
B. Emigration
C. Rural-urban migration
D. International migration
(vi) Which factor mainly determines the amount of solar energy received at a place?
A. Latitude
B. Population
C. Vegetation
D. Soil colour
2. Match the items in List A with the corresponding responses in List B.
LIST A
(i) Rain gauge
(ii) Seismograph
(iii) Wind vane
(iv) Hygrometer
(v) Thermometer
LIST B
A. Measures humidity
B. Measures temperature
C. Measures rainfall
D. Records earthquakes
E. Shows wind direction
F. Measures atmospheric pressure
G. Measures sunshine duration
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Answer all questions in this section.
3.
(a) Define the term geography.
(b) State three branches of geography.
(c) Give three reasons why the study of geography is important in everyday life.
4.
(a) What is a map?
(b) State four essential elements of a good map.
(c) Distinguish between a large-scale map and a small-scale map.
5.
(a) Define weather.
(b) Mention four elements of weather.
(c) Explain three factors that influence the climate of a place.
6.
(a) What is soil?
(b) State four factors responsible for soil formation.
(c) Mention three ways through which soil can be conserved.
7.
(a) Define population density.
(b) State four factors which influence population distribution.
(c) Explain three problems caused by rapid population growth.
8.
(a) What is agriculture?
(b) Distinguish between subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture.
(c) State four factors influencing agricultural production.
9.
(a) Define urbanization.
(b) State four factors which contribute to the growth of towns.
(c) Mention three problems associated with rapid urbanization.
SECTION C: ESSAY AND COMPETENCE-BASED QUESTIONS
Answer any two questions from this section.
10. A village located near a river has experienced frequent flooding. The floods have destroyed crops, houses and roads. As a geography student:
(a) Identify four possible causes of flooding in the area.
(b) Explain four effects of flooding on the people and environment.
(c) Suggest four measures that can be taken to reduce flooding.
(d) Explain two roles of local communities in controlling floods.
11. A region has large deposits of minerals, but most people remain poor despite mining activities taking place in the area.
(a) Identify four possible reasons why local people may not benefit sufficiently from mineral resources.
(b) Explain four positive effects of mining activities on the region.
(c) Explain four negative effects of mining on the environment.
(d) Suggest four measures for ensuring sustainable exploitation of mineral resources.
GEOGRAPHY FORM FOUR
CSEE/NECTA-STYLE PRACTICE EXAMINATION
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
1.
(i) B — Equator
(ii) C — Barometer
(iii) B — Weathering
(iv) D — Forests
(v) C — Rural-urban migration
(vi) A — Latitude
2.
(i) C — Rain gauge measures rainfall
(ii) D — Seismograph records earthquakes
(iii) E — Wind vane shows wind direction
(iv) A — Hygrometer measures humidity
(v) B — Thermometer measures temperature
SECTION B
3.
(a) Geography is the study of the Earth, its physical features, human activities and the interaction between people and their environment. — 1 mark
(b) Any three:
(i) Physical geography
(ii) Human geography
(iii) Practical geography
— 3 marks
(c) Any three:
(i) Helps people understand their environment.
(ii) Helps in planning and managing natural resources.
(iii) Helps in understanding population distribution and settlement.
(iv) Helps in understanding weather and climate.
(v) Helps in economic planning and development.
— 3 marks
4.
(a) A map is a reduced representation of part or the whole of the Earth's surface drawn on a flat surface using symbols and a scale. — 1 mark
(b) Any four:
(i) Title
(ii) Scale
(iii) Key/legend
(iv) Direction
(v) Grid/reference system
(vi) Frame/border
— 4 marks
(c)
Large-scale map:
(i) Represents a small area.
(ii) Shows more details.
(iii) Has a relatively large scale.
Small-scale map:
(i) Represents a large area.
(ii) Shows fewer details.
(iii) Has a relatively small scale.
— 3 marks
5.
(a) Weather is the condition of the atmosphere of a place at a particular time. — 1 mark
(b) Any four:
(i) Temperature
(ii) Rainfall
(iii) Atmospheric pressure
(iv) Wind
(v) Humidity
(vi) Sunshine
(vii) Cloud cover
— 4 marks
(c) Any three:
(i) Latitude — places near the Equator generally receive more solar energy.
(ii) Altitude — temperature generally decreases with increasing altitude.
(iii) Distance from the sea — affects temperature and moisture.
(iv) Ocean currents — warm and cold currents influence coastal temperatures.
(v) Relief — mountains can influence rainfall distribution.
— 3 marks
6.
(a) Soil is the upper loose layer of the Earth's surface in which plants grow. — 1 mark
(b) Any four:
(i) Parent rock
(ii) Climate
(iii) Living organisms
(iv) Relief/topography
(v) Time
— 4 marks
(c) Any three:
(i) Afforestation.
(ii) Terracing.
(iii) Contour ploughing.
(iv) Crop rotation.
(v) Construction of grass strips.
(vi) Controlled grazing.
— 3 marks
7.
(a) Population density is the number of people living per unit area of land. — 1 mark
(b) Any four:
(i) Availability of water
(ii) Climate
(iii) Relief
(iv) Soil fertility
(v) Availability of employment
(vi) Availability of social services
(vii) Political stability
— 4 marks
(c) Any three:
(i) Unemployment
(ii) Pressure on social services
(iii) Food shortages
(iv) Housing shortages
(v) Environmental degradation
(vi) Increased poverty
— 3 marks
8.
(a) Agriculture is the practice of cultivating crops and/or keeping animals for human use. — 1 mark
(b)
Subsistence agriculture:
(i) Mainly produces food for the farmer and family.
(ii) Usually practiced on relatively small farms.
(iii) Uses fewer modern inputs.
Commercial agriculture:
(i) Mainly produces crops or livestock for sale.
(ii) May be practiced on large farms.
(iii) Often uses modern inputs and technology.
— 3 marks
(c) Any four:
(i) Climate
(ii) Soil fertility
(iii) Relief
(iv) Availability of water
(v) Capital
(vi) Labour
(vii) Technology
(viii) Market
(ix) Government policies
— 4 marks
9.
(a) Urbanization is the process through which an increasing proportion of the population lives in towns and urban areas. — 1 mark
(b) Any four:
(i) Rural-urban migration
(ii) Natural population increase
(iii) Growth of industries
(iv) Development of transport
(v) Availability of employment
(vi) Expansion of trade
(vii) Availability of social services
— 4 marks
(c) Any three:
(i) Unemployment
(ii) Traffic congestion
(iii) Housing shortages
(iv) Poor sanitation
(v) Environmental pollution
(vi) Pressure on social services
(vii) Growth of informal settlements
— 3 marks
SECTION C
10.
(a) Any four causes of flooding:
(i) Heavy and prolonged rainfall
(ii) Deforestation
(iii) Poor drainage systems
(iv) Settlement on flood plains
(v) Siltation of river channels
(vi) Rapid urbanization
(vii) Destruction of wetlands
— 4 marks
(b) Any four effects:
(i) Destruction of crops
(ii) Destruction of houses
(iii) Loss of livestock
(iv) Damage to roads and bridges
(v) Displacement of people
(vi) Soil erosion
(vii) Spread of water-borne diseases
(viii) Loss of property
— 4 marks
(c) Any four measures:
(i) Planting trees
(ii) Improving drainage systems
(iii) Protecting wetlands
(iv) Avoiding settlement in flood-prone areas
(v) Constructing flood-control structures
(vi) Proper waste management
(vii) Maintaining river channels
— 4 marks
(d) Any two:
(i) Participating in tree planting.
(ii) Avoiding dumping waste into rivers and drainage channels.
(iii) Participating in community flood-control programmes.
(iv) Reporting blocked drainage systems.
— 2 marks
TOTAL: 14 MARKS
11.
(a) Any four:
(i) Foreign ownership of mining companies
(ii) Limited local participation
(iii) Low local employment opportunities
(iv) Poor revenue distribution
(v) Weak management of mineral revenues
(vi) Export of raw minerals without sufficient local processing
(vii) Corruption or misuse of public resources
— 4 marks
(b) Any four positive effects:
(i) Creates employment
(ii) Generates government revenue
(iii) Provides foreign exchange
(iv) Stimulates development of infrastructure
(v) Promotes growth of related industries
(vi) Provides markets for local goods and services
(vii) Improves some social services through government revenue
— 4 marks
(c) Any four negative effects:
(i) Land degradation
(ii) Water pollution
(iii) Air pollution
(iv) Deforestation
(v) Destruction of habitats
(vi) Soil erosion
(vii) Noise pollution
(viii) Displacement of communities
— 4 marks
(d) Any four measures:
(i) Enforce environmental laws.
(ii) Rehabilitate mined land.
(iii) Increase local participation in mining activities.
(iv) Improve transparency in mineral revenues.
(v) Promote local processing of minerals.
(vi) Conduct environmental impact assessments.
(vii) Provide mining communities with appropriate social services.
(viii) Encourage responsible mining technology.
— 4 marks
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